1. Spatial microsimulation
Download icon

Simulating the joint distribution of individuals, households and dwellings in small areas

  1. Trond Husby  Is a corresponding author
  2. Olga Ivanova  Is a corresponding author
  3. Mark Thissen  Is a corresponding author
  1. Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), Netherlands
Research article
Volume 11(2) Summer 2018
Cite this article as: T. Husby, O. Ivanova, M. Thissen; 2018; Simulating the joint distribution of individuals, households and dwellings in small areas; International Journal of Microsimulation; 11(2); 169-190. doi: 10.34196/ijm.00184
10 figures and 11 tables

Figures

Figure 1
Download asset Open asset
Population in neighbourhoods in Amsterdam.
Figure 2
Download asset Open asset
The overall population synthesis methodology.
Figure 3
Download asset Open asset
Correlation coefficient and RMSE of the individual-level table.
Figure 4
Download asset Open asset
Correlation coefficient and RMSE of the household-level table.
Figure 5
Download asset Open asset
Neighbourhood population calculated from the households table relative to population calculated from the person-table.
Figure 6
Download asset Open asset
Number of members in the adjusted (purple) and in the unadjusted households (yellow).
Figure 7
Download asset Open asset
Number of household members by age in the unadjusted (yellow) and adjusted (purple) households.
Figure 8
Download asset Open asset
Percentage members gender in the unadjusted (yellow) and adjusted (purple) households.
Figure A.1
Download asset Open asset
Correlation and RMSE for the synthetic population created with IPU.
Figure A.2
Download asset Open asset
Residuals by constraints for the synthetic population created with IPU.

Tables

Table 1
Variables from OVIN and their levels.
Variable Levels Explanation
ind_lmstatus active, not-active labour-market status
ind_ethn Dutch, foreign ethnicity
ind_income high, low, mid household income
ind_gender man, woman gender
ind_age 00_14, 15_44, 45_64, 65_AO age
Table 2
Household and dwelling characteristics from WOON.
Variable Levels Explanation
dw_typei rental, owner-occupied dwelling tenure
dw_type2 apartment, house type of dwelling
dw_byear before 1945,1945–1969,1970–1989,1990 and later building year
dw_dheat no, yes district heating
dw_size (6,51], (51,68], (68,89], (89,3e+04] size (m2)
hh_age_h 15_44, 45_64, 65_AO age household head
hh_gender_h man, woman gender household head
hh_ethn_h Dutch, foreign ethnicity household head
hh_income high, low, mid household income
hh_lmstatus active, not-active labour-market status head
hh_type single, w_child, wo_child household type
Table 3
Information about household members from WOON.
Variable Levels Explanation
n_00_i4 numeric members between 0 and 14 years
n_i5_44 numeric members between 15 and 44 years
n_45_64 numeric members between 45 and 64 years
n_65_AO numeric members 65 years and older
n_persons numeric number ofmembers
Table 4
Data sources and their usage.
Source Variables
OVIN 2010–2016 Survey sample of individuals
WOON 2012 and 2015 Survey sample of households and dwellings
Neighbourhood and District maps 2014 Constraints on individuals, households and dwellings
100x100m statistics Constraint on cadastral value of dwelling
Dutch Kadaster data Constraints on dwelling size and building year
Table 5
Five households from the sample seed.
hh 1 hh2 hh 3 hh 4 hh 5
dw_value oo_199 oo_199 2oo_299 2oo_299 00_199
dw_typei rental owner owner owner rental
dw_type2 apartment house house house apartment
dw_byear 1970–1989 1970–1989 1970–1989 before 1945 1970–1989
dw_dheat No no no no no
dw_size (68,89] (89,3e+04] (89,3e+04] (89,3e+04] (51,68]
hh_age_h 65_AO 65_AO 45_64 45_64 65_AO
hh_gender_h Man man man man woman
hh_ethn_h dutch dutch dutch dutch dutch
hh_income Low low mid high low
hh_lmstatus not-active not-active active active not-active
hh_type wo_child wo_child wo_child wo_child single
n_00_14 0 0 0 0 0
n_15_44 0 0 0 0 0
n_45_64 1 0 2 2 0
n_65_AO 1 2 0 0 1
n_persons 2 2 2 2 1
Table 6
Characteristics used to match households and individuals.
Dimension Levels Explanation
lmstatus active, not-active labour-market status
ethn Dutch, foreign ethnicity
gender man, woman gender
00_14,15_44, 45_64, 65_AO age
Algorithm 1
Allocation of household heads.
1: for all households do
2:  while ∑iwdi,h=0 do
3:   for non-allocated individuals with matching characteristics do
4:    update alh,c = alh,c + indi,c
5:    set wdi,h = 1
6:   end for
7:  end while
8: end for
Algorithm 2
Allocation of the remaining household members.
1: for non-allocated individuals do
2:  while ∑hwdi,h=0 do
3:   for households with available slots on matching characteristics do
4:    set alh,d = alh,d + indi,d
5:    set wdi,h = 1
6:   end for
7:  end while
8: end for
Table 7
Chi-squared test of neighbourhood population.
X-squared p-value df
unadjusted households 617 0 94
adjusted households 0 1 94
Table A.1
Individual-level constraints.
Variable Mean Standard deviation
ind_lmstatusactive 494i 3182.8
ind_lmstatusnot-active 3594 2605.4
ind_ethndutch 4211 2665.4
ind_ethnforeign 4324 3833.8
ind_incomehigh 1394 ii84.4
ind_incomelow 4445 3i97.i
ind_incomemid 2697 i857.9
ind_genderman 4204 2762.4
ind_genderwoman 433i 2865.2
ind_age00_14 i334 ii08.0
ind_age15_44 4099 2674.7
ind_age45_64 2095 i467.5
ind_age65_AO i007 776.5
n_ind 8535 56i8.7
Table A.2
Household-level constraints.
Var Mean SD
dw_type1owner 1247.2 861.0
dw_type1rental 3391.4 2278.5
dw_type2apartment 4074.4 2838.3
dw_type2house 564.2 885.5
dw_byearbefore.1945 2070.9 2315.3
dw_byear1945.1969 678.4 1343.6
dw_byear1970.1989 778.4 1576.8
dw_byear1990.and.later 1111.0 1424.9
hh_typesingle 2536.6 1722.9
hh_typew_child 1160.1 913.4
hh_typewo_child 942.0 575.0
hh_incomehigh 747.2 592.1
hh_incomelow 2445.1 1739.0
hh_incomemid 1446.4 943.7
hh_gender_opman 2287.3 1469.7
hh_gender_opwoman 2351.4 1516.3
hh_ethn_opdutch 2331.3 1541.5
hh_ethn_opforeign 2307.4 1928.8
hh_lmstatusactive 2698.0 1730.9
hh_lmstatusnot.active 1940.7 1340.5
dw_value00_199 1545.4 2169.1
dw_value200_299 1965.0 1759.5
dw_value300_399 646.1 893.8
dw_value400_499 218.5 330.8
dw_value500_AO 263.7 661.3
dw_dheatno 4296.3 2805.9
dw_dheatyes 342.4 864.2
dw_size.6.51. 1135.7 1108.2
dw_size.51.68. 1226.5 966.2
dw_size.68.89. 1152.7 965.1
dw_size.89.3e.04. 1123.8 1131.9
n_hh 4638.7 2980.3

Download links